Antibiotika
Elizabeth G Aarag Fredheim
Førsteamanuensis
Enhet: Institutt for farmasi
Infeksjon; Immunrespons; Biofilm; Biofilm som virulensfaktor; Antimikrobiell resistens; Utvikling av antimikrobiell resistens i biofilm; Immunrespons til biofilm-assosierte infeksjoner; Bioprospektering
Kristin Hegstad
Professor II
Enhet: Institutt for medisinsk biologi
Forskningsinteresser: Antimikrobiell resistens; Spredning av resistens - Mobile genetiske elementer og horisontal genoverføring - Mekanismer for antimikrobiell resistens - Deteksjon av antimikrobiell resistens - Nye virulens faktorer som target for å ufarliggjøre patogener - Membranvesikler
Medlem av Senter for Nye Antibakterielle Strategier (CANS)
For publikasjoner se: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-0497
Pål Jarle Johnsen
Professor mikrobiologi, Forskningsgruppeleder
Enhet: Institutt for farmasi
I'm head of the Microbial Pharmacology and Population Biology Research Group (MicroPop) and generally interested in bacterial microevolution and focusing on two main topics.
1. Evolution, selection, and spread of antibiotic resistance: It is clear that the frequency of antimicrobial drug resistance in the community is associated with the total level of antimicrobial consumption. Not so clear is the association between reduced consumption levels and subsequent reduction in the frequency of resistance. We focus on different processes that may counteract the reversal of antimicrobial resistance in drug free environments such as the biological cost of resistance, horizontal gene transfer, and genetic stability of resistance determinants. We are currently expanding our activities to include approaches for optimized antimicrobial treatment informed by principles of evolutionary, and population biology.
2. Mechanistic and evolutionary consequences of bacterial recombination: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria plays a major role in adaptive evolution exemplified by the evolution, spread and selection for antibiotic resistance determinants. For two out of three described mechanisms of HGT, conjugation and transduction, gene recruitment through recombination is likely a coincidental byproduct of plasmids’ and phages’ need for continuous transmission to new hosts. The third mechanism of HGT, natural transformation, is a complex mechanism for DNA uptake that requires the concerted action of many chromosomal genes. On first consideration it appears evident that this mechanism for HGT has evolved to “sample the available sequence space” in order to increase the adaptation rates of transformable strains. However, other hypotheses exist for both the evolution and the maintenance of natural transformation in bacteria. We are currently testing a number of these hypotheses both experimentally and theoretically. We are also interested in the mechanistic basis of bacterial recombination and it affects genetic diversity in microbes.
CV AND CURRENT POSITION
2000-2004. Ph.D. Student Supervisors Prof. Arnfinn Sundsfjord, Dr. Med. Gunnar Skov Simonsen
2004-2005 . Post Doctoral Fellowship. Department of Pharmacology. Prof. Kaare M. Nielsen Lab, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, Norway.
2006-2008: Personal postdoc grant The Norwegian Research Council (NFR), including:
2007-2008 Visiting Post Doc. Bruce Levin Lab. Emory University, Atlanta, USA
2008- Associate Professor of Microbiology. Research group for Microbiology, pharmaco- and molecular epidemiology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø. Group leader: Prof. Kaare M. Nielsen.
2014- Associate Professor, Group Leader Microbial Pharmacology and Population Biology Research Group
2015: Full Professor, Group Leader Microbial Pharmacology and Population Biology Research Group
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
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Podnecky NL, Fredheim EGA,, Kloos J, Sørum V, Primicerio R, Roberts AP, Rozen DE, Samuelsen Ø, PJ Johnsen. Conserved collateral antibiotic susceptibility networks in diverse clinical strains of Escherichia coli. Nat. Commun. 2018 9: 3673
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Di Luca MC., Sørum V., Starikova I., Klos J., Hülter N., Naseer U., Johnsen PJ., Samuelsen Ø. Low biological cost of carbapenemase producing plasmids following transfer from Klebsiella pneumonia to Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017 Jan;72(1):85-89.
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Harms K., Lunnan A., Hülter N., Mourier T., Vinner L., Andam CP., Martiinen P., Fridholm H., Hansen AJ., Hanage WP., Nielsen KM., Willerslev E., PJ. Johnsen. Substitutions of short Heterologous DNA segements of intragenomic or extragenomic origins produce clustered genomic polymorphisms. Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A, 2016 113:52 15066-071
- Ambur OH., Engelstädter J., Johnsen PJ., Miller EL., Rozen DE. Steady at the wheel: conservative sex and the benefits of natural transformation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016 Oct 19;371(1706). pii: 20150528.
- Di Luca MC., Sørum V., Starikova I., Klos J., Hülter N., Naseer U., Johnsen PJ., Samuelsen Ø. Low biological cost of carbapenemase producing plasmids following transfer from Klebsiella pneumonia to Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Sep 2. pii: dkw350
- Engelstädter J., Harms K., Johnsen PJ. The evolutionary dynamics of integrons in changing environments ISME J, 2016, Jun;10(6):1296-307.
- Utnes A., Sorum V., Hulter N., Primicerio R., Kloos J., Nielsen K.M., Johnsen PJ. Growth phase specific evolutionary benefits of natural transformation in Acinetobacter baylyi. ISME J, 2015;Oct;9(10):2221-31.
- Levin B. R., Baquero F., Johnsen PJ. A Model-Guided Analysis and Perspective on the Evolution and Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance and its Future. Invited Current Opin Microbiol. 2014: Jun;19:83-9
- Overballe-Petersen S., Harms K*., Orlando L. A., Mayar J. V., Rasmussen S., Dahl T. W., Rosing M. T., Poole A. M., Sicheritz-Ponten T., Brunak S., Inselmann S., de Vries J., Wackernagel W., Pybus O. G., Nielsen R., Johnsen P. J., Nielsen K. M., and Willerslev E. Bacterial natural transformation by highly fragmented and damaged DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013: 110(49):19860-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1315278110. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
- Starikova I., Al-Haroni M., Werner G., Roberts A. P., Sørum V., Nielsen K.M., Johnsen PJ. Fitness costs of mobile genetic elements in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Dec;68(12):2755-65. Epub 2013 Jul 5.
- Harms K., Starikova I., Johnsen PJ. Costly class 1 integrons and the domesticatioon of the functional integrase. Mob Genet Elements. 2013 Mar 1;3(2):e24774
- StarikovaI., Harms K., Lunde T. M., Haugen P., Primicerio R., Samuelsen Ø., Nielsen K. M, Johnsen PJ. 2012. A trade-off between the fitness cost of functional integrases and long-term stability of integrons. PloS Pathog.8(11):e1003043.
- Domingues S., Harms K., Fricke F. W., Johnsen P. J., da Silva G., and K. M. Nielsen. 2012. Natural Transformation Facilitates Transfer of Transposons, Integrons and Gene Cassettes between Bacterial Species. PloS Pathog. 8 (8): e1002837
- Johnsen PJ., Townsend J. P., Bøhn T., Simonsen G. S., Sundsfjord A., and Nielsen K. M. 2011. Retrospective evidence for a biolog10ical cost of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. J. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemother. 66(3):608-10
- Johnsen PJ., and Levin B. R. 2010. Adjusting to alien genes. Mol Microbiol. 75: 1061-63 Invited commentary
- Ray, J. L., Harms K., O. G. Wikmark, Starikova I., Johnsen PJ Nielsen KM. 2009. Sexual isolation in Acinetobacter baylyi is locus-specific and varies 10 000-fold over the genome. Genetics. 182: 1165-81.
- Johnsen PJ., Townsend J., Bohn T., Simonsen GS., Sundsfjord A., Nielsen KM. 2009. Factors affecting the reversal of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet Infect. Dis. 9: 357-364.
- Johnsen PJ., Dubnau D., Levin BR. Episodic Selection and the Maintenance of Competence and Transformation in Bacillus subtilis. 2009. Genetics. 181: 1521-1533. Chosen as Editorial highlight for April 2009
Claus Andreas Klingenberg
Professor
Enhet: Institutt for klinisk medisin
Infeksjoner (eksperimentell og klinisk forskning), neonatal ernæring og neonatal ventilasjon/intensivmedisin
Gunnar Skov Simonsen
Professor
Enhet: Institutt for medisinsk biologi
Antibiotikaresistens, klinisk mikrobiologi, folkehelse
Natasa Skalko-Basnet
Professor and Head of Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group
Enhet: Institutt for farmasi
Advanced drug delivery systems for localized therapy
Advanced drug delivery systems for systemic therapy
Lipid-based delivery systems
Hydrogels
Arne O. Smalås
Dekan
Enhet: Fakultet for naturvitenskap og teknologi
- Makromolekylers struktur og funksjon
- Det molekylære opphav til enzymers kuldeadaptasjon
- Utvikling av enzymer for anvendelse
- Bioprospektering
Lars Småbrekke
Professor. Forskningsgruppeleder. Samfunnsfarmasi.
Enhet: Klinisk farmasi og farmakoepidemiologi, forskningsgruppe
Legemiddelbruk på individ- og populasjonsnivå, med hovedfokus på antibiotikabruk.
Arnfinn Sundsfjord
Professor i Medisinsk Mikrobiologi
Enhet: Institutt for medisinsk biologi
- Antibiotika, antibiotikaresistente bakterier og evolusjon
- Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) er en sentral aktør i den globale spredningen av antibiotikaresistens. Våre studier involverer komparative molekylære epidemiologiske studier (helgenomsekvensering og metagenomikk) av Kp fra ulike økologiske nisjer inkludert mennesker og dyr, feno- og genotypiske assosiasjoner i patogenitet og antibiotikaresistens (genomassosiasjonsstudier og maskinlæring), samt prekliniske effekstudier av bakterievirus (bakteriofager) evne til å fjerne bærerskap eller infeksjoner med multiresistente Kp. Kp-studiene er finansiert av Trond Mohn Stiftelsen ( https://mohnfoundation.no/amr-prosjekter/) og partnerinstitusjoner.
- Leder for Senter for nye antibakterielle strategier (CANS; https://uit.no/research/cans): Et tverrfaglig forskningssenter finansiert av UiT og Tromsø Forskningsstiftelse (https://tfstiftelse.no/) 2019 -.
- Seksjonsoverlege, Nasjonal kompetansetjeneste for påvisning av antibiotikaresistens (K-res; https://unn.no/fag-og-forskning/k-res) ved Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge (UNN) finansiert av Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet, Helse Nord RHF og UNN.