Jeger-samlere: arkeologiske perspektiver
Om emnet
Emnet tar for seg sentrale tema i studier om jeger-samlere innen arkeologifaget. Blant annet jeger-samlere som økonomiske aktører, landskapsforståelse, sosial kompleksitet, fangstbasert tamdyrhold, og bruk av jeger-samlere som analoger i arkeologisk tolkning.
Opptakskrav
Bachelorgrad i arkeologi.
Søknadskode 9371 - enkeltemner på masternivå.
Hva lærer du
Etter bestått emne skal studentene har følgende læringsresultat:
Kunnskaper og forståelse
Studenten skal:
- ha innsikt i forskjellige teoretiske perspektiver brukt i arkeologiske studier av jeger-samlere
- ha innsikt i den kryss-kulturelle variasjonen som finnes blant jeger-samlere
- ha innsikt i flere konkrete problemstillinger som står sentralt i arkeologiske studier av jeger-samlere, inkludert økonomi, landskapsbruk og sosiale forhold
- ha forståelse av hvordan kunnskap om jeger-samlere kan brukes i arkeologisk fortolkning og formidling
Ferdigheter
Studenten skal:
- kunne anvende relevante begreper og teoretiske perspektiver for en kritisk drøfting av problemstillinger i jeger-samler arkeologi
Undervisning og pensum
Undervisnings- og eksamensspråk
Undervisningsspråket er norsk. Enkelte seminarer kan gis på engelsk.Pensum
ARK-3002 Vår 2018 pensum
Artiklene merket med ** lastes ned via ORIA (UB). Resten finnes i kompendium.
9.1 Innledning: forskningshistorisk oversikt
Kelly, Robert
2013 Hunter-Gatherers and Anthropology. In: The Lifeways of Hunter-Gatherers. The Foraging Spectrum. s. 1-23. Cambridge University Press. [historisk oversikt]
Lee, Richard B.
1968 What Hunters Do for a Living, or, How to Make Out on Scarce Resources. In: Man the Hunter, edited by R.B. Lee og I. DeVore, s. 30-43. Aldine, Chicago. [klassisk artikkel]
16.1 Jeger-samler og arkeologiske inferens: analoger og videre
**Wobst, H. M.
1978 The Archaeo-Ethnology of Hunter-Gatherers or the Tyranny of the Ethnographic Record in Archaeology. American Antiquity 43:303-309.
Paul J. Lane
2014 Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers, Ethnoarchaeology, and Analogical Reasoning. In: The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers, edited by V. Cummings, P. Jordan, and M. Zvelebil, s.104-150. Oxford University Press.
**Shott, Michael J.
1992 On Recent Trends in the Anthropology of Foragers: Kalahari Revisionism and Its Archaeological Implications. Man (NS) 27(4): 843-871.
23.1 Evolusjonistisk-/atferdsøkologi
Winterhalder, B.
2001 The Behavioural Ecology of Hunter-Gatherers. In: Hunter-Gatherers. An Interdisciplinary Perspective, edited by C. Panter-Brick, R.H. Layton & P. Rowley-Conwy, pp. 12-38. Cambridge University Press.
O'Connell, J.F. og K. Hawkes
1981 Alyawara Plant Use and Optimal Foraging Theory. In: Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Strategies. Ethnographic and Archeological Analyses, edited by B. Winterhalder & E.A. Smith, pp. 99-125. University of Chicago Press.
**Tremayne, A.H. and B. Winterhalder
2017 Large Mammal Biomass Predicts the Changing Distribution of Hunter-Gatherer Settlements in Mid-late Holocene Alaska. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 45:81-97.
Kritikk:
Ingold, T.
2000 The Optimal Forager and Economic Man. In: The Perception of the Environment. Essays in Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill, pp. 27-39. Routledge, London.
30.1 Binfordiansk mobilitetsorganisering
**Binford, L.R.
1980 Willow Smoke and Dog's Tails: Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems and Archaeological Site Formation. American Antiquity 45:4-20.
**Binford, L.R.
1982 The Archaeology of Place. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1:5-31.
Ames, K.M.
2002 Going by Boat. The Forager-Collector Continuum at Sea. In: Beyond Foraging and Collecting. Evolutionary Change in Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems, edited by B. Fitzhugh & J. Habu, pp. 19-52. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York.
6.2 Constructing Complex Hunter-Gatherers
Price, T.D og J.A. Brown
1985 Aspects of Hunter-Gatherer Complexity. In: Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers. The Emergence of Cultural Complexity, edited by T.D. Price & J.A. Brown, s.3-20. Academic Press, San Diego.
Sheehan, Glenn W.
1985 Whaling as an Organizing Focus in Northwestern Alaskan Eskimo Societies. In: Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers. The Emergence of Cultural Complexity, edited by T.D. Price & J.A. Brown, s.123-154. Academic Press, San Diego.
Ames, K.
1995 Chiefly Power and Household Production on the Northwest Coast. In: Foundations of Social Inequality, edited by T. D. Price and G. M. Feinman, pp. 155-187. Plenum, New York
13.2 De-Constructing Complex Hunter-Gatherers
**Angelbeck, B.
2016 The Balance of Autonomy and Alliance in Anarchic Societies: the Organization of Defences in the Coast
Salish Past. World Archaeology 48(1):51-69.
Bettinger, R.
2015 Orderly Anarchy. Sociopolitical Evolution in Aboriginal California. University of California Press, Berkeley. s.199-242.
Lightfoot, K.G., E. M. Luby, og L. Pesnichak
2011 Evolutionary Typologies and Hunter-Gatherer Research: Rethinking the Mounded Landscapes of Central California. In: Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology as Historical Process, edited by K. E. Sassaman and D. H. Holly, pp.55-78. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
20.2 Informasjonsoverføring prosesser
Whallon, R.
2011 An Introduction to Information and its Role in Hunter-Gatherer Bands. In: Information and Its Role in Hunter-Gatherer Bands, edited by R. Whallon, W.A. Lovis and R.T. Hitchcock, pp.1-27. Cosen Institute of Archaeology Press, Ideas, Debates, and Perspectives 5. University of California, Los Angeles.
Eerkens, J.W., R. L. Bettinger, og P. J. Richerson
2014 Cultural Transmission Theory and Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology. In: The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers, pp. 1127-1142. Oxford University Press.
Jordan, P.
2015 Technology as Human Social Tradition. Cultural Transmission Among Hunter-Gatherers. University of California Press, Berkeley. s. 121-126, 140-150, 184-209.
27.2 Landskaps-"enskillment" og kjønnete landskaper
Ingold, T.
2000 [1996] Hunting and Gathering as Ways of Perceiving the Environment. In: The Perception of the Environment. Essays in Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill, pp. 40-60. Routledge, London.
**Hunt-Davidson, I. og F. Berkes
2006 Learning as You Journey: Anishinaabe Perception of Social-ecological Environments and Adaptive Learning. Conservation Ecology 8(1): 5
Brumbach, H. J. and R. Jarvenpa
2006 Conclusion. Toward a Comparative Ethnoarchaeology of Gender. In: Circumpolar Lives and Livelihood. A Comparative Ethnoarchaeology of Gender and Subsistence, edited by R. Jarvenpa and H.J. Brumbach, pp.287-323. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
6.3 Jeger-samler ontologi
**Hill, E.
2011 Animals as Agents: Hunting Ritual and Relational Ontologies in Prehistoric Alaska and Chukotka. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21: 407-426.
Betts, M. W., M. Hardenberg, and I. Stirling
2015 How Animals Create Human History: Relational Ecology and the Dorset-Polar Bear Connection. American Antiquity 80:89-112.
McNiven, I. J.
2008 Sentient Sea: Seascapes as Spiritscapes. In: Handbook of Landscape Archaeology, edited by B. David and J. Thomas, pp.149-157. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA.
Teoretisk bakgrunn:
Ingold, T.
2000 A Circumpolar Night's Dream. In: The Perception of the Environment. Essays in Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill, pp.89-110. Routledge, London.
13.3 Resursforvaltning og "niche construction"
Lepofsky, D. et al.
2015 Ancient Shellfish Mariculture on the Northwest Coast of North America. American Antiquity 80:236-259.
**Lightfoot, K.G., R.Q. Cuthrell, C.J. Striplen, og M.G. Hylkema.
2013 Rethinking the Study of Landscape Management Practices among Hunter-Gatherers in North America. American Antiquity 78:285-301.
**Rowley-Conwy, P. og R. Layton.
2011 Foraging and Farming as Niche Construction: Stable and Unstable Adaptations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 366:849-862
Bakgrunn:
**Feit, H.
1986 Waswanipi Cree Management of Land and Wildlife: Cree Ethno-Ecology Revisited. In: Native People, Native Lands: Canadian Indians, Inuit and Metis, edited by B. Cox, pp.75-91. (nedlastes fra e-bok versjon)
Søknadsfrist
Eksamen
Arbeidskrav:
Obligatorisk oppmøte på minst 70 % av seminarundervisningen.
Eksamen:
Eksamen består av en hjemmeeksamen på 10 - 12 sider (3500 - 4200 ord) over selvvalgt tema.
Karakterskala fra A-E for bestått og F for ikke bestått.
Studentene inviteres til å ta kontakt med faglærer umiddelbart etter at sensur har falt for å få en begrunnelse for eksamensresultatet.
Kontinuasjonseksamen:
Det tilbys ikke kontinuasjonseksamen.
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