Keynote: Hybrid Threats – legal issues, challenges and solutions, as seen from the perspective of the Oslo Manual on Select Topics of the Law of Armed Conflict and the Revision of the San Remo Manual

Judge Advocate General (ret.) Arne Willy Dahl (Honorary President of the International Society for Military Law and the Law of War)

Some Legal Implications of the Concept of “Hybrid” Naval Warfare

Prof. em. Said Mahmoudi (Stockholm University)

Law Enforcement at Sea in Times of Peace

Prof. Erik Franckx (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)

The Concept of Military Activities in the Law of the Sea

Dr. Pierre Thévenin (University of Tartu)

Hybrid Threats at Sea: Criminal Acts or Acts of War?

Prof. Anna Petrig (University of Basel)

Naval Blockade of Ukraine’s Black Sea Ports in the light of International Law

Prof. Cpt. Dariusz R. Bugajski (Polish Naval Academy)

Self-Defence and Countermeasures to Hybrid Threats under Jus ad Bellum

Hon. Prof. Stuart Maslen (University of Pretoria)

Discussion: Moderator Dean Prof. Tore Henriksen (UiT)

Are sabotage of submarine pipelines an ‘armed attack’ triggering a right to self-defence?

Prof. em. Geir Ulfstein (University of Oslo)

Securing Critical Offshore Energy Infrastructures from Hybrid Threats: Norway’s Regulatory Approaches

Assoc. Prof. Maria Madalena das Neves (NCLOS)

Nord Stream Gas Pipelines

Prof. Timo Koivurova  (University of Lapland)

Welcome, coffee and snacks

Flag State Responsibility for Compliance with the Collision Regulations and other International Standards

Dr. David Goddard (UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, Ocean and Overseas Territories Team, Assistant Legal Adviser)

Hybrid Threats and Autonomous Ships - Legal Challenges

Prof. Henrik Ringbom (Åbo Akademi University, University of Oslo)

Challenges with Autonomous Ships from the Perspective of Coastal State Jurisdiction

Assoc. Prof.  Iva Parlov (BI Norwegian Business School)

Hybrid-World War and the Governance of the Northern Sea Route

Dr. Jan Solski (NCLOS)

Discussion: Moderator Dr. Alexander Lott (NCLOS & University of Tartu)

Adapting to Hybrid Threats at the Level of Domestic Legislation: Estonia’s Example

Mrs. Margit Gross (Ministry of Defence, Undersecretary for Legal and Administrative Affairs)

Legal Resilience to the Protection of Human Rights at Sea in view of Hybrid Threats

Asst. Prof. Sofia Galani (Panteion University & University of Bristol)

Towards collective legal resilience in the cyber domain – the role of international organizations

Dr. Ágnes Kasper (NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, Chief of Law Branch; Tallinn University of Technology, Senior Lecturer)

Discussion: Moderator Prof. Tanel Kerikmäe (Tallinn University of Technology)

Round table: Moderators Prof. Tore Henriksen (UiT) and Dr. Alexander Lott (NCLOS)

Panelists: Judge Advocate General (ret.) Arne Willy Dahl, Prof. Anna Petrig (University of Basel), Ms. Margit Gross (Estonian Ministry of Defence), Cdr. Stanislas Frenzel (NATO Maritime Command), Prof. Magne Frostad (UiT)

A guided tour in the Kiek in de Kök Fortifications Museum’s four towers and bastion passages: Komandandi tee 2, Tallinn Old Town (next to the Freedom Square).